View the list of singular and plural subject pronouns and/or the notations used here before proceeding.

IMPERSONAL: (to be) estar = to be

PERSONAL INFINITIVE: (me to be)

[A Personal Infinitive (per se) is not present in English. In English, a Personal Infinitive is usually formed with the aid of the preposition for as in "He wished (for) me to be."

(eu) estar = "... (for) me to be."

(p) (tu) estar +es= estares = "... (for) thou to be."

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estar = "... (for) him/her/you to be."

(nós) estar +mos= estarmos = "... (for) us to be."

(p) (vós) estar +des= estardes = "... (for) ye to be."

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estar + em = estarem = "... (for) them to be."

PARTICIPLES and GERUND: (been, being)

PARTICIPLE (PARTICÍPIO) = estar - ar = est + ado = estado (been)

GERUND (GERÚNDIO) = estar - ar = est + ando = estando (being)

INDICATIVE MOOD(SIMPLE)

PRESENT INDICATIVE: (I am)

(eu) estou = (I am)

(p) (tu) estás = (thou are)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) está = (he/she/you is/are)

(nós) estamos = (we are)

(p) (vós) estais = (ye are)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estão = (they are)

IMPERFECT INDICATIVE: (I was being, I used to be)

(eu) estar - ar = est + ava = estava = (I was being, I used to be)

(p) (tu) estar -ar= est + avas = estavas = (thou were being, thou used to be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estar - ar = est + ava = estava = (he/she/you was/were being, he/she/you used to be)

(nós) estar - ar = est + ávamos = estávamos = (we were being, we used to be)

(p) (vós) estar -ar= est + áveis = estáveis = (ye were being, ye used to be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estar - ar= est + avam = estavam = (they were being, they used to be)

PRETERIT INDICATIVE: (I was)

(eu) estive = (I was)

(p) (tu) estiveste = (thou were)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) esteve = (he/she/you was/were)

(nós) estivemos = (we were)

(p) (vós) estivestes = (ye were)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estiveram = (they were)

PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE: (I had been)

(3rd person plural preterit indicative = estiveram - ram = estive + ra/ras/ra/ramos/reis/ram)

(eu) estiveram - ram = estive + ra = estivera = (I had been)

(p) (tu) estiveram - ram = estive + ras = estiveras = (thou had been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estiveram - ram = estive +ra = estivera = (he/she/you had been)

(nós) estiveram - ram = estive + ramos = estivéramos = (we had been)

(p) (vós) eestiveram - ram = estive + reis = estivéreis = (ye had been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estiveram - ram = estive + ram = estiveram = (they had been)

SIMPLE FUTURE INDICATIVE: (I will/shall be)

(Infinitive of verb estar + ei/ás/á/emos/eis/ão)

(eu) estar + ei= estarei = (I will/shall be)

(p) (tu) estar +ás= estarás = (thou will be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estar + á = estará = (he/she/you will be)

(nós) estar +emos= estaremos = (we will/shall be)

(p) (vós) estar +eis= estareis = (ye will be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estar + ão = estarão = (they will be)

COMPOUND FUTURE INDICATIVE: (I will/shall be)

(Present Indicative of the helping verb ser = to be = vou/vais/vai/vamos/ides/vão) + infinitive of verb estar)

(eu) vou estar = (I will/shall be)

(p) (tu) vais estar = (thou will be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) vai estar = (he/she/you will be)

(nós) vamos estar = (we will/shall be)

(p) (vós) ides estar = (ye will be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) vão estar = (they will be)

INDICATIVE MOOD(COMPOUND)

PRESENT PERFECT INDICATIVE: (I have been)

(Present Indicative of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) tenho estado = (I have been)

(p) (tu) tens estado = (thou have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) tem estado = (he/she/you has/have been)

(nós) temos estado = (we have been)

(p) (vós) tendes estado = (ye have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) têm estado = (they have been)

PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE: (I had been)

(Imperfect Indicative of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) tinha estado = (I had been)

(p) (tu) tinhas estado = (thou had been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) tinha estado = (he/she/you had been)

(nós) tínhamos estado = (we had been)

(p) (vós) tínheis estado = (ye had been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) tinham estado = (they had been)

FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE: (I will/shall have been)

(Future Indicative of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) terei estado = (I will/shall have been)

(p) (tu) terás estado = (thou will have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) terá estado = (he/she/you will have been)

(nós) teremos estado = (we will/shall have been)

(p) (vós) tereis estado = (ye will have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) terão estado = (they will have been)

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (SIMPLE)

(The SUBJUNCTIVE occurs in the DEPENDENT CLAUSE of a sentence)

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE: (I may be)

(eu) esteja = (I may be)

(p) (tu) estejas = (thou may be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) esteja = (he/she/you may be)

(nós) estejamos = (we may be)

(p) (vós) estejais = (ye may be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estejam = (they may be)

IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: (I might be)

(3rd person plural preterit indicative = estiveram - ram = estive + sse/sses/sse/ssemos/sseis/ssem)

(eu) estiveram - ram = estive + sse = estivesse = (I might be)

(p) (tu) estiveram - ram = estive + sses = estivesses = (thou might be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estiveram - ram = estive +sse = estivesse = (he/she/you might be)

(nós) estiveram - ram = estive + ssemos = estivéssemos = (we might be)

(p) (vós) estiveram - ram = estive + sseis = estivésseis = (ye might be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estiveram - ram = estive + ssem = estivessem = (they might be)

FUTURE SUBJUNCTIVE: NO DEFINITE FORM IN ENGLISH -- Present and Past Subjunctive and Conditional forms are employed to express Future Subjunctive (if I were to be, if I would/should be, if I may be, if I might be)

(3rd person plural preterit indicative = estiveram - ram = estive + r/res/r/rmos/rdes/rem)

(eu) estiveram - ram = estive + r = estiver = (if I were to be, if I would/should be, if I may be, if I might be)

(p) (tu) estiveram - ram = estive + res = estiveres = (if thou were to be, if thou would be, if thou may be, if thou might be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estiveram - ram = estive +r = estiver = (if he/she/you were to be, if he/she/you would, if he/she/you may, if he/she/you might be)

(nós) estiveram - ram = estive + rmos = estivermos = (if we were to be, if we would be, if we may be, if we might be)

(p) (vós) estiveram - ram = estive + rdes = estiverdes = (if ye were to be, if ye would be, if ye may be, if ye might be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estiveram - ram = estive + rem = estiverem = (if they were to be, if they would be, if they may be, if they might be)

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD(COMPOUND)

(The SUBJUNCTIVE occurs in the DEPENDENT CLAUSE of a sentence)

PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: (I may have been)

(Present Subjunctive of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) tenha estado = (I may have been)

(p) (tu) tenhas estado = (thou may have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) tenha estado = (he/she/you may have been)

(nós) tenhamos estado = (we may have been)

(p) (vós) tenhais estado = (ye may have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) tenham estado = (they may have been)

PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: (I might have been)

(Imperfect Subjunctive of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) tivesse estado = (I might have been)

(p) (tu) tivesses estado = (thou might have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) tivesse estado = (he/she/you might have been)

(nós) tivéssemos estado = (we might have been)

(p) (vós) tivésseis estado = (ye might have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) tivessem estado = (they might have been)

FUTURE PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: NO DEFINITE FORM IN ENGLISH -- Present and Past Subjunctive and Conditional forms are employed to express Future Subjunctive (if I were to be, if I would/should have been, if I may have been, if I might have been)

(Future Subjunctive of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of the helping verb estar = estado)

(eu) tiver estado = (if I were to be, if I would/should have been, if I may have been, if I might have been)

(p) (tu) tiveres estado = (if thou were to be, if thou would have been, if thou may have been, if thou might have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) tiver estado = (if he/she/you were to be, if he/she/you would have been, if he/she/you may have been, if he/she/you might have been)

(nós) tivermos estado = (if we were to be, if we would/should have been, if we may have been, if we might have been)

(p) (vós) tiverdes estado = (if ye were to be, if ye would have been, if ye may have been, if ye might have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) tiverem estado = (if they were to be, if they would have been, if they may have been, if they might have been)

CONDITIONAL MOOD

(The Conditional is called preterit future in Portuguese)

(SIMPLE): (I would/should be)

(Infinitive of verb estar + ia/ias/ia/íamos/íeis/iam)

(eu) estar + ia= estaria = (I would/should be)

(p) (tu) estar +ias = estarias = (thou would be)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) estar + ia = estaria = (he/she/you would be)

(nós) estar +íamos= estaríamos = (we would/should be)

(p) (vós) estar +íeis= estaríeis = (ye would be)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) estar + iam = estariam = (they would be)

(COMPOUND): (I would/should have been)

(Simple Conditional of the helping verb ter = to have + participle of verb estar = estado)

(eu) teria estado = (I would/should have been)

(p) (tu) terias estado = (thou would have been)

(ele, ela, você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita) teria estado = (he/she/you would have been)

(nós) teríamos estado = (we would/should have been)

(p) (vós) teríeis estado = (ye would have been)

(eles, elas, vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas) teriam estado = (they would have been)

IMPERATIVE MOOD

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: (be thou/you/we/ye/they)

(p) está (tu)

esteja (você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita)

estejamos (nós)

estai (vós)

estejam (vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas)

NEGATIVE FORM: (don't be thou/you/we/ye/they)

(p) não estejas (tu)

não esteja (você, o senhor, a senhora, a senhorita)

não estejamos (nós)

não estejais (vós)

não estejam (vocês, os senhores, as senhoras, as senhoritas)